One thing to note is that all the L2s reaching for giga gas throughput have opted for an external data availability solution. This is because one of the main bottlenecks to scaling beyond giga gas/s is data availability. The more transaction data a chain produces, the more data it has to store and make available when data correctness is required.

With giga gas throughput, the volume and rate at which an L2 creates data are orders of magnitude larger than what Ethereum could handle at this time. Ethereum’s current capacity is at 31.25 KB/s, and this is shared by all rollups using Ethereum as a DA layer. This has left blob space pretty much at capacity, and rollups are having to batch several blob updates together to red