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EVM Wars: Between Giga Gas and Giga Gimmicks
EigenDA offers ~15 MB/s of DA capacity now and plans on scaling to 1 GB/s in the long term....Ethereum as a DA will lag behind EigenDA and Celestia, who are working on scaling their DA capacity to 1 GB...
13 Min
Layer 1 / L1
Mar 2025
Beyond The Meme of Parallelization & Solving For State Growth
Data from Paradigm shows that Ethereum’s state size occupies about 245 GB on disk....Ethereum – Verkle Trees, Statelessness A fully synced Geth node requires ~650 GB of disk space, and the...
20 Min
Infrastructure
Aug 2024
DeAI II: Seizing the Means of Production
Exponential Storage: GB/s, not MB/s As opposed to informing on-chain transactions with verified “off-chain...aim to push the limits of what can be done on-chain: pushing out the bandwidth frontier “from mb/s to gb...At 50, 100, 200 GBs per second (and assuming continued advances in async / batch training discussed earlier...
42 Min
Artificial Intelligence
Jul 2024
Experimental new “Asteroid” inscriptions protocol brings tokens and NFTs to Cosmos Hub
January of 2023, bitcoin ordinals allowed anyone to publish or “inscribe” data directly into the 500+ gb...
12 Min
Other
Jan 2024
Fuel Network: Redefining Scalability for Modular Blockchains
However, this assumption has proved unrealistic, with the state now exceeding 900 GB and projected to...grow by 50–100 GB annually.
38 Min
Layer 2 / L2
Jul 2024
Pollen and Helium: The Race to Bootstrap a 5G Network
...telecom companies have a high cost basis for the data they provide, sometimes as high as $2.50 per GB...providers such as Pollen Mobile and Helium Wireless have a much lower cost basis, as low as $0.50 per GB...One DC is equivalent to a single Gigabyte (GB) of data and costs $0.50.
17 Min
Internet of Things / IoT
Jul 2022
Celestia's Roadmap: $TIA Time, or is DA a Commodity?
If you believe Celestia will hit 0.25–0.77 GB/s and capture just a sliver of tx fees, then $TIA may be...
47 Min
Layer 1 / L1
Apr 2025
Sui Network: Demystifying the Monolithic Contender
The device is powered by an AMD Ryzen 7 7840U CPU and 512 GB SSD storage, with a 7-inch display.
43 Min
Layer 1 / L1
Dec 2024
September Blues, Arbitrum Goes Off, NFTs Aren't Dead
Speculators might be hopping onto the AVAX Good Bridging ($GB) airdrop train and transacting on Optimism...
4 Min
Infrastructure
Sep 2021
The Dawn of Bitcoin Programmability: Paving the Way for Rollups
6 Months 6 months 2 weeks 1-3 months Pre-Processing Weeks Days Minutes Milliseconds Storage TB GB...
60 Min
Layer 2 / L2
May 2024
The Hitchhiker's Guide to Ethereum
...quickly generate KZG proofs for 32 MB of data, so expect a GPU or pretty beefy CPU plus at least 2.5 GBit...Pruning history allows clients to reduce users’ disk storage requirement (currently hundreds of GBs and...direct requests for data to the nodes that have it BitTorrent, eg. auto-generating and distributing a 7 GB...
51 Min
Layer 1 / L1
May 2022
The Year Ahead for Infra 2026
...block propagation can occur in as little as 18 milliseconds under typical bandwidth conditions (~1 Gb...
81 Min
Infrastructure
Dec 2025
GBTC Discount, BTC's Surging Dominance, & Crypto Hell Week
Chart of The Day: GBTC Discount Hits New Lows  The GBTC discount deepened late last week to a new low...The steepening discount reflects waning demand for GBTC as better alternatives emerge, namely exchange-traded...GBTC’s price has underperformed bitcoin, returning -42.5%, while bitcoin’s price has fallen by -37.8%...
4 Min
Macro & Markets
May 2022
GBTC And ETHE Trade at Record Discount to NAVs
📊 GBTC And ETHE Trade at Record Discount to NAVs Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) and Grayscale Ethereum...Trust (ETHE) are trading at the largest discount to net asset values ever with GBTC as well as ETHE...While DCG regularly bought back GBTC and ETHE shares, Genesis accepted them as collateral against loans...
5 Min
Asset Management
Nov 2022
The Year Ahead for Infrastructure
This spam has been a serious problem for Solana, as most of the spikes in the chart below (with >15 GB...
83 Min
MEV
Dec 2022
GBTC Discount Reaches Highest Mark Ever
BitMEX is launching an exchange token, Grayscale’s GBTC discount hits a record high, while our Research...📊 GBTC Discount Reaches Highest Mark Ever GBTC is a financial instrument that functions as a pseudo-ETF...After launching in 2013, GBTC has grown to become the largest BTC fund in existence.
4 Min
Macro & Markets
Oct 2022
Option Whales, GBTC Discount Recovers, Binance's New Rules
GBTC Discount Recovers Since the 23rd of February this year, the GBTC premium flipped negative and has...struggled to recover due to reduced market demand for GBTC, this has rendered the previously popular...The latest batch of GBTC unlocks also exacerbated fear among investors that GBTC unlocks would negatively...
4 Min
DeFi
Jul 2021
Bitcoin Spot Metrics, USDC Leads Ethereum, & GBTC's Plunge
GBTC in a Tight Spot GBTC discount to BTC spot price took a massive hit, and is down -28% against spot...Since the start of the year, GBTC has plunged -17% compared to BTC which has declined only -9%....Investors of GBTC must go through a 6 month lock-up period before they can sell their shares in secondary...
4 Min
DeFi
Jan 2022
NFT Volumes Thrive, YFI Revamps, & GBTC Remains a Tough Sell
Grayscale’s Difficult Fight Grayscale’s GBTC discount has dropped past -20% versus NAV, a record low...GBTC allowed investors to gain exposure to Bitcoin through a traditional investment vehicle....This has made GBTC a tougher sell, as a 6-month lockup on a volatile asset is relatively unappealing.
3 Min
NFTs
Dec 2021
The Great Reset: Navigating Crypto in 2023
This spam has been a serious problem for Solana, as most of the spikes in the chart below (with >15 GB...
DeFi
Jan 2023