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The Dawn of Bitcoin Programmability: Paving the Way for Rollups
By
Anil Lulla•
Bitcoin's scripting system is inherently limited in its programmability. Consequently, bridges to Bitcoin rely on multisigs and federation control, introducing trust. This has constrained Bitcoin's utility.
Recent advancements are enhancing programmability on Bitcoin. BitVM, its successors, and CatVM are enabling the verification of off-chain programs on Bitcoin through fraud proofs. This improves the current state of bridging on Bitcoin, minimizing the reliance on trusted multisig setups and federated bridges.
This report explores these recent advancements, including BitVM, CatVM, Lamport signatures, and the proposed OP_CAT opcode, along with their implications for trust-minimized bridging & zk-rollups on Bitcoin.

The Year Ahead for Infrastructure
By
Anil Lulla•
A popular takeaway regarding the FTX drama has been that this was not a DeFi problem, but a TradFi one. It’s absolutely true that custody risks apply to CEXs and not DeFi. Yet, given the size of the collapse, we find it important to ask why, despite all their inherent custodial risks, CEXs continue to attract capital at such higher orders of magnitude.

The Hitchhiker's Guide to Ethereum
By
Anil Lulla•
Ethereum's roadmap is a lot to keep track of. This is your technical crash-course on everything from danksharding to KZGs to statelessness and so much more.

Pay Attention To Celestia
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Anil Lulla•
Introduction A monolithic chain where everyone executes every transaction is inherently not scalable. Indeed, this is why almost every major […]
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