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The Dawn of Bitcoin Programmability: Paving the Way for Rollups
By
Anil Lulla•
Bitcoin's scripting system is inherently limited in its programmability. Consequently, bridges to Bitcoin rely on multisigs and federation control, introducing trust. This has constrained Bitcoin's utility.
Recent advancements are enhancing programmability on Bitcoin. BitVM, its successors, and CatVM are enabling the verification of off-chain programs on Bitcoin through fraud proofs. This improves the current state of bridging on Bitcoin, minimizing the reliance on trusted multisig setups and federated bridges.
This report explores these recent advancements, including BitVM, CatVM, Lamport signatures, and the proposed OP_CAT opcode, along with their implications for trust-minimized bridging & zk-rollups on Bitcoin.

BRC-20s: The Past, Present, and Future
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Anil Lulla•
For the first time in a long time, Bitcoin seems to have the potential to develop an exciting and vibrant digital economy. BRC-20s have breathed new life into Bitcoin, and people would be remiss to ignore this trend.

Bitcoin's New Narrative: Ordinals
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Anil Lulla•
Ordinals are extremely interesting and far more than just "NFTs on Bitcoin." Users can store digital artifacts and data on Bitcoin’s L1 forever. Not only can users store data forever, but ordinal theory could fundamentally change Bitcoin's fungibility.
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