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ZK (Validity) Rollups: Entering the General Purpose Era
Validity proofs, on the other hand, do not make such an assumption....A ZKR posts a validity proof to the L1 to mathematically prove that the state changes are valid....can we get more scalability benefits using validity proofs?...These are separate blockchains that have their own permissionless set of validators.
33 Min
ZK-Rollups
Jun 2022
The ETH Liquid Staking Derivative Wars
🔍 The ETH Liquid Staking Derivative Wars To stake ETH, users have to run validator nodes on Ethereum...Node operators are responsible for staking ETH and running validators on behalf of depositors....They allow anyone to set up a mini-pool validator, with a minimum requirement of 16 ETH staked from the...
7 Min
Layer 2 / L2
Jan 2023
ETH Borrow Rate On Aave Rises As Users Position For The Merge
🚨 In Case You Missed It Vitalik says he is in favor of burning the staked ETH of any validator that...Jump Crypto announces it will build a new, open-source validator client for Solana, independent from...🚨 In Case You Missed It Vitalik says he is in favor of burning the staked ETH of any validator that...
5 Min
Money Markets
Aug 2022
Vitalik's Warning
Currently, there are many Actively Validated Services (AVS) that benefit from Ethereum’s security and...First of all, bootstrapping a network of validators can be extremely challenging....Economic security of blockchains relies on validators being incentivized to behave properly....Does removing validation from a token model make it less valuable? A2.
7 Min
Staking
Jun 2023
Paladin of the Solana Round Table
...its host validator is the slot leader....The potential payoff for validators?...validators to embrace a new system is no small feat....What if a group of dishonest validators try to slash an honest one?...If a validator recognizes a dishonest attempt to slash an honest validator, their best move is to propose...
21 Min
DeFi
Sep 2024
Lido's Game Theory
LSDs let users bypass the frictions of staking ETH: (i) the technical know-how of running a validator...Last month’s Ethereum Shapella upgrade enabled Ethereum validators to finally withdraw their staked ETH...Distributed Validator Technology clusters will be introduced that group validators into independent committees...
5 Min
DeFi
May 2023
Celestia's Roadmap: $TIA Time, or is DA a Commodity?
As long as it’s translated into revenue, it’ll be valid....For example, a rollup posts a ZK proof showing that a batch of txs were valid....SNARK) is valid, if a rollup chooses to post one....If even one Ethereum rollup (not a ghost chain) switches over, that’s validation....What it doesn’t have is validation.
47 Min
Layer 1 / L1
Apr 2025
The Public Crypto Accumulator Era - Part 1
Solana: Combines validator-based income with fast execution and public narrative leverage....A substantial portion of its ETH balance is now delegated to validators, generating 4–5% annual yield...They are operationalizing it through staking, validator operations, and long-term alignment with the...Sol Strategies has disclosed direct validator operations.
31 Min
Macro & Markets
Jun 2025
Avalanche L1s: Powering the Future of Appchains
Subsampling allows validators to reach consensus by repeatedly querying random subgroups of the validator...Network validation a dealbreaker....weight of a malicious validator....Avalanche L1’s Validator Earnings Validator earnings are determined by the rules of the Avalanche L1.
22 Min
Infrastructure
Jun 2025
Sizing The Bet: Next Gen Solana Perp DEXs
Bulk – Validator-Integrated Sidecar Let’s shift gears to a team taking a different approach, Bulk....To incentivize validators to join, Bulk will be sharing 12.5% of orderbook revenue with the validators..., but regardless, strong incentives will be in place for validators....At its core is Bulk-Agave, a fork of the Jito-Agave validator client.
21 Min
Perpetual Futures
Oct 2025
MEV Manifesto
Validator (Proposer) – Perform consensus duties....Gasper today is validator set limits vs. finality time: Tendermint – Small validator set, but fast finality...If validators censor – you can punish them....This trust wouldn’t scale to a decentralized validator set, so validators must commit to the header without...
37 Min
MEV
Oct 2022
The Hitchhiker's Guide to Ethereum
...on blocks as valid or invalid. ...relies on the honest majority of validators – as an individual validator, my columns and rows being...Decentralized validation matters. ...The validator receives the block, executes it, and decides if it’s valid. That’s it!
51 Min
Layer 1 / L1
May 2022
Aurora: Another EVM Chain, or the Beginning of Near?
Thus, validator income is predictable when denominated in NEAR....Secondly, no transaction fees go to validators....As a reminder, this is a Near validator. Aurora does not have validators....Validators earn 4.5% issuance but no transaction fees....Right now it is a yield of about 10.6% for running a validator.
28 Min
Infrastructure
May 2022
The Race To Become Solana's Liquid Staking Winner
On Solana it is a simple process to delegate to a validator....Validator Fee – weighted average fee paid to validators on rewards Marinade is the first liquid staking...These are some of the largest validators on Solana, including Everstake (#1 validator), Chorus One (#2...In addition to inflation, validators earn transaction fees and MEV.
18 Min
Proof-of-Stake
Apr 2022
Sui Network: Demystifying the Monolithic Contender
...system that accommodates both high-stake core validators and lower-stake auxiliary validators....While core validators’ function continues as it is, auxiliary validators operate outside the transaction...Staking As per Staking Rewards, Sui has 108 validators, with 93 active validators having +30M SUI staked...
43 Min
Layer 1 / L1
Dec 2024
Restaking Games: Chasing for Yield
Existing Ethereum validators restake by linking their validator’s withdrawal credentials to an EigenPod...Validators with more SOL staked are allowed to send more packets, while validators with smaller stakes...For example, if Validator A holds 10% of the network’s total stake and Validator B holds 20%, Validator...
53 Min
Staking
Nov 2024
WTF Is Anoma? Part 3: WTF is Typhon?
validators they just send references to transactions that we know are available (that other validators...We also have 5 validators that are validating these chains, broken down as follows: Validator 1: only...validates for blue chain Validators 2, 3, 4: validate for both blue and yellow chain Validator 5: only...
28 Min
Layer 1 / L1
Oct 2023
The Verifiable Cloud: How EigenCloud is Unlocking Crypto’s App and AI Era
...two major eras: the age of app-specific chains like Bitcoin and Namecoin (bespoke security, custom validator...Rather than spinning up a new L1 with a bespoke validator set or a fragile PoS token, builders can tap...The security is not uniform across services; it depends on validator participation, AVS slashing logic...
29 Min
Infrastructure
Oct 2025
The Year Ahead for Infrastructure
A valid signature can be formed when both parties (validators and users) sign their secret shares....Searchers would realistically only be able to trust large validators, so the home validators would be...This removed the need for builders to trust validators, but came at a cost (in that a validator needed...
83 Min
MEV
Dec 2022
Solana the Modular
...of the validator client....Block Vote Signatures: These are cryptographic signatures from Solana validators, confirming the validity...Smaller, Permissioned Validator Set: The network operates with a smaller, permissioned set of validators...This ensures all transactions are valid and verifiable.
50 Min
Layer 2 / L2
Aug 2024