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Transaction Ordering Policies & Value Accrual in L2s: Timeboost, OP PGA, Fastlane, and OEV Network
The report examines Arbitrum's proposed transaction ordering policy, Timeboost, which aims to enhance value capture while protecting users from negative aspects of miner extractable value (MEV) behavi...
16 Min
Layer 2 / L2
Sep 2024
The Fat App Thesis: An Inflection Point in Value Accrual
The primary focus then was the direct relationship between Ethereum and L2s, and the concerns of value...from priority fees – a part of the orderflow that L2s are in control of....Sequencing and orderflow control will not be unique to L2s but will likely see a rapid adoption among...L2s are a prime example of this.
43 Min
Layer 1 / L1
Apr 2025
Initia: Fulfilling The Appchain Vision
This is illustrated by the rise of competing EVM L2s all with different standards....A fast confirmation layer with Single Slot Finality: Low-latency confirmations between L1 and L2s....layer, native bridge, messaging standard, liquidity at L1 level, security, and incentives (VIP) all L2s...L2s are unwilling to adopt a common standard or sacrifice revenue.
31 Min
Layer 1 / L1
Feb 2025
EVM Wars: Between Giga Gas and Giga Gimmicks
But now we have a lineup of several EVM L1s and L2s that are breaking past 10,000 (Theoretical TPS) and...Many EVM-based L1s and L2s are now aiming for giga-scale gas throughput....On Data Availability & ETH Alignment One thing to make a note of is that all the L2s reaching for...
13 Min
Layer 1 / L1
Mar 2025
MegaETH: Performance to Compete With TradFi
These are generally important questions for all L2s and particularly important for MegaETH to address...Current state of L2s and how MegaETH fits The Layer 2 landscape is at a crucial point....This not only leaves minimal room for other L2s but also triggers Ethereum’s blob-pricing mechanism,...
21 Min
Layer 2 / L2
Jan 2025
The Year Ahead for Infra 2025
Solana, whose meteoric rise over the past year has led the thesis, but also alt L1s like Sui & L2s...No L2s....Solana DEX volumes now more than Ethereum L1, in November they were comparable to Ethereum and all L2s...The low throughput, tx limited Ethereum L1 is doing more UOPS than the majority of L2s.
128 Min
Infrastructure
Dec 2024
Celestia's Roadmap: $TIA Time, or is DA a Commodity?
It wants to be to L2s what AWS is to websites: fast, invisible, and everywhere....It’s a never-ending cycle: ETH slightly increases blobs → L2s saturate blobspace as demand rises → L2s...Ethereum just needs to make a commitment to scale massively, both the L1 and L2s.
47 Min
Layer 1 / L1
Apr 2025
Liquity v2: Evolving Onchain Leverage
Liquity’s immutability prevented it from onboarding ETH LSTs as collateral or deploying on L2s....offered a unique value proposition Downfall: Immutability limited flexibility (collateral assets, L2s...There will be 15+ friendly forks on L2s....Aave command impressive usage on mainnet, but experimentation and degeneracy has largely migrated to L2s...
20 Min
Debt-Backed (CDP) Stablecoins
Nov 2024
Squads' Expansion from Multisigs to Crypto-Native Fintech Infrastructure
This highlights a strong growth story for Solana as activity on Ethereum’s mainnet shifts to L2s....Abstraction in the EVM ecosystem has continuously evolved – from EIP-4337 to EIP-3074, native AA on L2s...
26 Min
Infrastructure
Feb 2025
The Year Ahead for DeFi 2025
They’ll likely watch from the sidelines as UniChain attracts liquidity from other L2s first....Highly Active LPing strategies are already yielding better returns on L2s due to the lowered transaction..., for now, is that most new DeFi ideas, even the ones that don’t work, originate on Ethereum or its L2s...
72 Min
DeFi
Dec 2024
Restaking Games: Chasing for Yield
Before restaking, the LST supply on L2s showed consistent growth....Since then, LST supply on L2s is beginning to see renewed demand....In response, L2s are now forced to attract LRT protocols to deploy on their networks to better compete...LSTs vs LRTs circulating on L2s Although LSTs continue to dominate on L2s, liquidity for LRTs is steadily...
53 Min
Staking
Nov 2024
Scaling ETH L1: Is 100x Enough?
So why a sudden urge to scale the L1 after years of rollup adoption and countless L2s launched?...L2s are now capturing a majority of the margins by doing what Ethereum used to do natively: handle user...The Fat App Thesis Between a Fork and A Hard Road Scale the L1: risk destroying the value prop for L2s...
8 Min
Layer 1 / L1
May 2025
zkVerify Memo: Integration Flow, Potential Markets, and Token Economics
Ethereum’s roadmap embraces ZK rollups, Solana leverages ZK compression, and even Bitcoin L2s utilize...
22 Min
Infrastructure
Apr 2025
ZKsync & Elastic Network's Q1 Wrapped: Ecosystem & Development Highlights
...blockchain solutions, gaming, and consumer applications, creating a vast ecosystem of interoperable L2s...
19 Min
Infrastructure
May 2025
zkVerify: Optimizing ZK Proof Verification At Scale
Polygon) boasting a combined market cap of around $2.2 Billion ZK rollups on Bitcoin: The rise of L2s...ZKPs have the potential to provide a sustainable and elegant design for L2s building on top of Bitcoin...zkVerify can function as a decentralized proof verification network for proofs originating from Bitcoin L2s...
63 Min
Infrastructure
Jan 2025
Sui Network: Demystifying the Monolithic Contender
We took to L2s to scale Ethereum and have established other L1s like Solana and Sui that scale the base...Over the years, its developer base has grown so much that emerging ecosystems like Monad and L2s such...as Aribtrum, Optimism, ZK L2s, etc, try to be EVM compatible.
43 Min
Layer 1 / L1
Dec 2024
Exploring Base's Role in the Growing Onchain Economy
...of October 2024, and analyzes several use cases behind that growth, including stablecoins, layer 2s (L2s...L2s have brought down onchain costs and made building onchain easier, faster, and cheaper. ...
35 Min
Layer 2 / L2
Nov 2024
On DA Wars & ETH Alignment
One thing to note is that all the L2s reaching for giga gas throughput have opted for an external data...This is a trade-off high throughput L2s will have to make, selling security guarantees for unbounded...
5 Min
Infrastructure
Mar 2025
Death by Design – The Fate of Ethereum
Celestia arguably offers a better option for appchains and L2s with more interoperability and near-zero...Not only will appchains and L2s opt for this route, many will be forced by virtue of their design.
7 Min
Layer 1 / L1
May 2025
The Fat Wallet Thesis
In other words, apps that exist on Ethereum tend to also exist on Arbitrum and/or other L2s....increased their take rate on transaction fees today, I expect they would in fact lose market share to other L2s...There is nothing stopping L2s such as Base from forcing users to pay for fees in USDC instead of ETH.
32 Min
Wallets
Oct 2024